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Defoamers are chemicals used to reduce or prevent foam formation and are widely used in various fields of industrial production processes, such as papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemicals, and food processing. Their main function is to destroy formed foam or prevent the formation of foam by reducing the surface tension of the liquid. However, the effect of defoamers is not consistent under all conditions. Temperature, as a key factor, has a significant impact on their effectiveness.   Temperature and Defoamer Mechanism   The mechanism of action of defoamers mainly includes two steps: diffusion and film breaking. First, the defoamer molecules need to diffuse quickly to the gas-liquid interface; second, they must be able to effectively penetrate the foam film and cause it to break. Changes in temperature directly affect the efficiency of these two processes. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the liquid usually decreases, which helps the defoamer molecules diffuse to the gas-liquid interface faster. However, too high a temperature may increase the volatility of the defoamer, causing it to evaporate before reaching the target location, thereby reducing the defoaming effect.   Effect of temperature on different types of defoamers   Organic silicon defoamers: These defoamers have good thermal and chemical stability and can maintain good defoaming effects at higher temperatures. However, extreme high temperatures (over 250°C) may cause them to decompose or lose activity.   Polyether defoamers: They are suitable for applications in medium and low temperature environments. As the temperature rises, their solubility increases, which may lead to a weakening of the defoaming effect.   Mineral oil defoamers: These defoamers usually perform well at lower temperatures, but are prone to oxidation and deterioration in high temperature environments, affecting their long-term use effects.   Considerations in practical applications   When selecting a defoamer suitable for a specific application scenario, in addition to considering temperature factors, other conditions such as pH value, solution composition, and operating pressure need to be considered comprehensively. For example, in some applications where the defoaming effect needs to be maintained for a long time, even under relatively stable temperature conditions, it is necessary to select a defoamer product with good durability.   Conclusion In summary, temperature has an important influence on the performance of defoamers. Understanding the performance characteristics of various defoamers under different temperature conditions and rationally selecting and using defoamers based on this is crucial to improving the efficiency and product quality of industrial production. Future research can further explore how to improve the existing defoamer formulations to enhance their adaptability and effectiveness over a wider temperature range.    

In recent years, global textile supply chain upgrades and tightening environmental regulations have spotlighted defoamers as critical auxiliaries in manufacturing. From dyeing, sizing, to wastewater treatment, defoamers play an increasingly vital role in enhancing product quality and reducing energy consumption. Meanwhile, their shift toward eco-friendly formulations and smart applications has become a cornerstone of the industry’s sustainable transformation.     I. Current Applications: The Silent Guardian of Textile Production Foam generation during textile processing significantly impacts efficiency and product integrity. Key challenges include: Dyeing Processes: Foam causes uneven dye distribution, leading to stains or reduced color fastness. Sizing Operations: Excess foam compromises coating uniformity on yarn surfaces, affecting weaving performance. Wastewater Management: Foam accumulation in surfactant-rich textile effluent slows treatment and raises costs. Globally, silicone-based, polyether, and mineral oil defoamers dominate the market. According to Grand View Research’s 2023 Textile Chemicals Report, defoamers account for approximately 12% of textile auxiliaries, with a CAGR of 6.5%. Over 50% of demand originates from Asia-Pacific (notably China and India), aligning with the region’s massive textile manufacturing footprint.   II. Green Defoamers Rise Amid Regulatory Pressure Stringent policies like EU REACH and China’s carbon neutrality goals are phasing out traditional defoamers containing VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and APEO (Alkylphenol Ethoxylates). Innovation now focuses on: Bio-based Defoamers: Derived from plant oils or microbial fermentation, these biodegradable solutions minimize toxicity. Trials of plant-derived formulations in select dyeing mills have demonstrated carbon emission reductions of up to 30%. High-efficiency Hybrid Defoamers: Nano-engineered blends of silicone and polyether achieve superior foam suppression with lower dosages, reducing chemical consumption. Industry leaders have intensified R&D efforts, with major players prioritizing green defoamer development to align with global sustainability targets.   III. Future Trends: Smart Solutions and Circular Economy Integration IoT-enabled Precision Defoaming Smart factories are adopting sensor-based systems to monitor foam levels in real-time, dynamically adjusting defoamer inputs. Pilot projects in advanced manufacturing facilities have reported annual savings exceeding $110,000 (USD) alongside a 15–30% reduction in chemical use. Closed-loop Systems for Wastewater Integrated defoamer recovery technologies are gaining traction. Recent advancements in "foam flotation-defoamer recycling" systems enable the recovery of over 90% of defoamer components from wastewater, supporting circular economy models. Cross-industry Tech Breakthroughs Nanomaterials and microencapsulation are enabling next-gen defoamers. For ...

During the water treatment process, foam generation will affect the treatment effect and equipment operation, so defoamers are needed to eliminate foam. Although traditional silicone defoamers have good defoaming effects, there are some environmental and process problems, such as not easy to degrade, high conductivity or vacuum abnormalities in some systems, etc. As a new type of defoamer, silicone-free water treatment defoamer has unique performance advantages and has gradually attracted widespread attention.   Silicon-free water treatment defoamers mainly achieve defoaming function by reducing the surface tension of the foam liquid film. When the defoamer is added to the system containing foam, it can quickly disperse on the foam surface, destroy the elastic film of the foam, and cause the foam to break and disappear.   During the wastewater treatment process of the printing and dyeing plant, the foam problem is serious due to the large amount of surfactants in the wastewater. After adding the silicone-free water treatment defoamer, the foam problem was effectively solved, the wastewater treatment effect was significantly improved, and the defoamer had no negative impact on the subsequent wastewater reuse and discharge treatment.   During the operation of the aeration tank of a domestic sewage treatment plant, a large amount of foam was generated due to excessive aeration volume and fluctuations in the concentration of organic matter in the influent, which affected the normal operation of sewage treatment. By using silicon-free water treatment defoamers, the generation of foam was successfully suppressed, ensuring the stable operation of the sewage treatment plant.   Silicon-free water treatment defoamers play an important role in water treatment. It can effectively eliminate foam, improve water treatment efficiency and quality, and meet environmental protection requirements. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the increase in market demand, the performance of silicon-free water treatment defoamers will continue to improve, and the application field will continue to expand.    

The paper industry is undergoing significant transformations driven by technological innovation, environmental regulations, and evolving market demands. Simultaneously, defoamers, as critical chemical additives in papermaking, are expected to witness substantial advancements aligned with these industry shifts. This article explores the future trajectory of the paper industry and the corresponding opportunities and challenges for defoamers. 1. Future Trends in the Paper Industry 1.1 Green Transition and Sustainable Development The global push toward carbon neutrality is reshaping the paper industry. Companies are increasingly adopting renewable energy sources, such as biomass, to replace fossil fuels and enhancing wastepaper recycling rates to build a circular economy. Notably, non-wood fibers like bamboo pulp, straw, and bagasse are gaining traction as raw materials, reducing reliance on forest resources. However, these alternatives often introduce impurities during pulping, exacerbating foam formation. This trend underscores the need for eco-friendly chemicals, including biodegradable defoamers, to replace traditional volatile organic compound (VOC)-based products. 1.2 Digitalization and Smart Manufacturing Industry 4.0 technologies, including IoT sensors and AI-driven systems, are optimizing production efficiency. Real-time foam monitoring in pulp systems enables automated defoamer dosing, minimizing waste and improving precision. Smart manufacturing further drives demand for high-efficiency defoamers compatible with micro-dosing systems.     1.3 High-Value Functional Paper Products The rise of specialty papers—such as antimicrobial paper, e-label paper, and flexible packaging paper—requires stringent control over production environments. Defoamers must eliminate foam without compromising functional properties like conductivity or barrier performance. Additionally, high-speed paper machines demand defoamers with rapid foam suppression and long-lasting efficacy. 1.4 Regional Market Dynamics Regional disparities are emerging:   Mature markets (e.g., Europe, North America): Strict environmental regulations propel R&D in premium, eco-compliant defoamers.   Emerging markets(e.g., China, India): Surging demand for packaging and hygiene products fuels the need for cost-effective solutions.     2. Development Prospects for Defoamers 2.1 Dominance of Eco-Friendly Formulations Environmental compliance is reshaping defoamer innovation:   Bio-based defoamers: Derived from plant oils or modified silicone-polyether blends, these products offer biodegradability and lower carbon footprints.   Low-VOC/APEO-free solutions: Aligned with regulations like EU REACH and China’s dual carbon goals, such formulations mitigate health and ecological risks.   Water-based defoamers: Replacing solvent-based variants, they integrate seamlessly with eco-friendly coating systems.&nb...

The selection and requirements of defoamers involve many aspects. The following is a detailed analysis:                             1. Selection of defoamers   Select according to the foam system: Different types of foam systems (such as aqueous phase or non-aqueous phase) require different types of defoamers. For example, silicone defoamers are suitable for different types of foam systems such as non-ionic, anionic, and cationic, and can play an excellent defoaming effect in both non-aqueous and aqueous phase systems.   Select according to the treatment process: Different water treatment processes have different requirements for defoamers. For example, in biological water treatment, it is necessary to select defoamers that are harmless to microorganisms; in oil extraction and processing, it is necessary to select defoamers that can withstand high temperature, high pressure and strong corrosion.   Select according to cost-effectiveness: The cost of the defoamer is also one of the factors that need to be considered when selecting. Under the premise of ensuring the defoaming effect, a defoamer with high cost performance should be selected.   Select according to environmental protection requirements: With the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations, it has become a trend to choose low-toxic, harmless, and biodegradable defoamers.         2. Requirements for defoamers   Strong defoaming ability: Defoamers should be able to effectively eliminate foam when used in very small amounts, which is an important indicator for measuring the performance of defoamers.   Low surface tension: Defoamers should have lower surface tension than the defoamed system so that they can better adsorb on the foam surface and reduce its stability.   Good chemical stability: Defoamers should have good chemical stability, not react with the defoamed medium, and not be decomposed and degraded by it.   Good heat resistance: Defoamers should be able to maintain their defoaming properties at high temperatures without losing their effectiveness.   Good diffusivity and permeability: Defoamers should have good diffusivity and permeability so that they can spread quickly in the foam medium and play a role.   Good gas solubility and permeability: Defoamers should have good gas solubility and permeability so that gases are not easy to gather and disappear from the foam.   High safety: The defoamer itself is preferably non-toxic or at least a low-toxic substance to ensure that it will not cause harm to the human body and the environment during the treatment process.   Good storage stability: The defoamer should have good storage stability so that it can maintain good defoaming performance after long-term storage.   Long-term defoaming effect: The defoamer should have a long-term defoaming effect to avoid failure in a...

Fine chemicals occupy a pivotal position in modern industry, covering many fields such as pharmaceuticals, coatings, papermaking, etc. However, in the production process of these fine chemicals, foam problems are often a headache. Fine chemical defoamers, as a chemical additive specifically for foam problems, play an irreplaceable role in the field of fine chemicals.                   In order to fully mix the raw materials in fine chemical production, stirring is a common operation. Strong stirring will draw a large amount of air into the liquid, increasing the gas-liquid contact area. For example, in paint production, when pigments, resins and solvents are stirred at high speed, air is drawn in to form foam.   Fine chemical defoamers can penetrate into the interior of the foam film and destroy the double-layer structure of the foam film. In this process, the defoamer molecules interact with the substances in the foam film to change the elasticity and stability of the film. Fine chemical defoamers have strong defoaming ability and can effectively eliminate foam at a lower concentration.   Fine chemical defoamers have good water solubility and are easy to disperse in aqueous systems. In addition, they have good chemical stability and can be used in a wide range of temperature and pH. In the alkaline cooking process of the paper industry, it can play a stable defoaming role.   To sum up, fine chemical defoamers play a vital role in various fine chemical fields. With the continuous development of the fine chemical industry, the requirements for the performance, safety and environmental protection of defoamers will continue to increase. By deeply understanding the mechanism of action of defoamers, fine chemical companies can better select and use defoamers, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.